Words

Words
Ms. Favolise's English Class

Friday, December 12, 2014

Veteran Winners!

In November, students from West Springfield Middle School participated in the Patriot's Pen Essay Contest.  The Patriot’s Pen program asks students to research their local Veterans. This year's theme was "Why I appreciate veterans." In order to write this essay, students were able to meet some local veterans and to ask them questions.

Students from all 7th grade ELA 2 classes gathered to listen to veterans who served our country. The panel consisted of two middle school teachers and four veterans from our local VFW. There were five men and one woman. They ranged in ages, branches, rank and experiences. We certainly had diversity on our panel.

During the visit, the students were polite, respectful and interested in what our Veterans had to share through their experiences and stories. The students asked great questions that showed how interested they were in the visitors.  We believe students will take this experience with them for the rest of their lives.

After the visit, students had a month to write a 300-400 word essay answering the question “Why do I appreciate today’s veterans?”  Teachers then had to submit the essays to the VFW 6714 Barcomb-Trowbridge Post.  A panel of VFW  members then had to pick the top three essays that showed knowledge of theme, theme development and clarity of ideas.  The first place winner was Gabrielle Daley, the second place winner was Kira Poloski and the third place winner Renata Ostas. Gabrielle Daley will now go on to compete at the state level. The national first-place winner wins $5,000 and an all-expense-paid trip to Washington, D.C., in March.


Here is the Second Place Winner's essay!

Appreciation for America’s Veterans
By Kira Poloski


Norman Schwarzkopf once said, “The truth of the matter is that you always know the right thing to do. The hard part is doing it,” which in fact, is true. Bravery, sacrifice, and loyalty are all reasons why I appreciate America’s veterans. As a child, the Pledge of Allegiance was just a chore, now I know it as a thanks to the saviors of our country. Veterans have done so much for us, and they deserve our respect, and appreciation.

Imagine all of the veterans, who don’t get recognized for their duty. There are nine million veterans over the age of sixty five, and most don’t get the appreciation that they deserve from their service. It is hard to recognize veterans, especially when they are not in uniform. But the reason for the pledge of allegiance, and Memorial day is to thank our veterans for fighting for our country, no matter how long ago it was. How do I show my appreciation? I participate within the morning pledge in school, and also do something special on Memorial Day. My father and I once walked up to a veteran, and thanked him for his service and also asked for a photo. Everyone likes to be appreciated for something that they have done, and veterans could use some support. So say thank you!

Our veterans go through a lot.  Most likely they have gone through a traumatic experience, that could have left them permanently scarred, or terrified. A disorder some veterans face is called PTSD, which stands for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It is a major anxiety disorder, that is mainly caused from a terrifying event. In fact there are more than 5.5 million veterans living with this disorder. Veterans go through so much, and deserve to be thanked for their service, because they gave up so much and were very courageous to join the military to save our country, even if it meant being permanently scarred or terrified.

Veterans have sacrificed so much, many fighters gave up their one and only lives. Respect your veterans, as you may not know what they have gone through in the past. Things get very intense in the military for most people. Know that when you next see a veteran, do the right thing and thank them for all they have done for you. To all of the veterans out there, you are my hero.


TO SEE THE OTHER TWO WINNING ESSAYS GO TO MRS. CANATA'S BLOG!!


Monday, November 10, 2014

Veteran Essays



Veteran Essays have been submitted and we are awaiting feedback!
Here are a few student essays!

Why I Appreciate My American Veterans?


Veteran; Someone who went to into the military, who went in war, who fought for our freedom while putting their lives in danger.  Everyday we should appreciate our veterans because we don’t realize until we really take the time to think about going into the military how hard it was for them to leave their families and to fight in the war. Most people don’t have the courage or bravery to fight in the war and we are lucky enough that we have these amazing people in the world that have to courage and bravery to go into the military. Everyday we should be honoring our veterans!


Veteran’s Day is a very important day that we celebrate that honors our founding veterans. We thank them for just about everything on this day. Something very important that we celebrate on this day is that we thank them for joining the military and coming home safe. Additionally, we thank our veterans that have passed and even the ones that are still living today. We should not only honor them on Veteran’s Day but also everyday!


As Sue Kelly said,” The sacrifices made by veterans and their willingness to fight in defense of our nation merit our deep respect and pride and to the best in benefits and medical care.” We as a whole should really have more respect to our veterans they don't get treated as well as the ones that are walking around in uniform. So when a veteran gets recognized they get thanked, but the ones that don’t get recognized don’t get treated the same? So why don't they get treated just like someone in the military today they both have the same equity so why not?


Our American Veterans deserve the best and nicest attitudes ever. They deserve everything that we can do for them because the have done so much for us. What they realize is that we don’t help our veterans as much as we should because they took their lives for us they fought for us! We don't realize this but we really need to change this so we can make a change so they feel supported by their decisions by going into the war and risking their life for us!

We should really try to make a change to this because they deserve it for being our American Veterans!


Why I Appreciate America's Veterans

Veterans of our military services have risked everything to protect the freedom of which we deeply enjoy. They deserve to be recognized for their commitment. I appreciate our nobel veterans for their love, devotion, and the colossal sacrifices they made not for themselves but for U.S citizens.
As Lincoln once said, “Honor to the soldier and sailor everywhere, who bravely bears his country's cause. Honor, also to the citizen who cares for his brother in the field  and serves, as he best can the same cause.”  Abraham Lincoln was a insightful man. I believe he was referring to what it means to appreciate a veteran . First, the honor to the veteran who fought in the field. Second, honor to the family and friends who truly missed the veteran. Lincoln's words are a clear motto to follow by. I appreciate veterans for their love, devotion, and commitment  to our country. Without their devotion we wouldn't have liberty and justice. Most of all they committed to staying in the harsh war no matter what. War is a torrential part of life, to keep America secure, World War I began in 1914. On November 11, 1918 the war ended, with their love, devotion, and commitment the soldiers from World War I were named the first veterans, and leaders for generations to come.

America's veterans made substantial sacrifices, by leaving their current living environment, job and family to serve our country. The unemployment rate of veterans is 3% higher than the rest of the population. Once veterans return to their regular lives it’s harder to get a job. Also 260,000 veterans are predicted to be homeless this year, meaning veterans sometimes don't have a home when they return and the government can only help a few veterans get back on their feet. Most people wouldn't even think of going to war. Our veterans joined the military and contributed to keeping our freedom and rights. They made sacrifices so we wouldn't have to suffer. They risked their lives for us. All of these sacrifices were not for something in return for them but  for American citizens.

Our veterans have risked everything for us. They have love, devotion and commitment to our country. They made life changing sacrifices and truly deserve respect and honor. They are real heroes. Our veterans deserve to be thanked for all they have done for our country.
Veterans: The Appreciated Men and Women of The U.S. Armed Forces
Veterans, they are the men and women that risked their lives, sanity, and time so we could have freedom. Without them we would not have the freedom of the press, a safe home, a stable government, or a free country. They are heroes, not superheros yet, veterans. Veterans are those with a heart that never stops beating for their country.
Veterans can be anyone. For example Ted Williams fought in World War II and Korea as a member of the Marine Corps. and U.S Navy while becoming a Major League Baseball Hall of Famer. Veterans like Ted Williams, Elvis Presley, and Joe DiMaggio all risked their amazing careers. But those men aren’t the only ones that risked their lives for their and our freedom. Mostly every man, woman, and child in the United States has a friend or family member who has carried their love for our nation into battle. When you sign up for the armed forces there’s no going back but you know when you come home, you will be considered a hero by your supporters. It is not only public figures that are veterans but it could be anyone we see every day from the woman at the bank to a 7th grade teacher.  For me and the other average citizens of the United States, we appreciate men and women who have risked their careers and lives for the United States.
When a soldier comes home they will not be treated like royalty. The veteran unemployment rate is three percent higher than the rest of the population in the United States. In return for keeping us safe, veterans deserve a job and a thank you. How can men and women that are respected by so many, become so disrespected and denied after they made the  decision to risk their lives. When most people think of veterans they think of a man on a famous statue or the men and women we continually honor. Sadly the truth is the veteran could also be the unemployed men and women searching for work or the disabled soldiers we see and stare at. But the men and women of America’s military alumni deserve respect, a thank you and a job.
Everyday you will see a veteran and you may not realize them but if you do they will appreciate a thank you as much as we appreciate their sacrifices .



Why I Appreciate My Veterans

  The definition of appreciation is to put others before myself and to be thankful for being here today. Veterans have fought for our country. Veterans usually volunteer to serve for our country. They serve at home as well as in other countries. When something devastating happens they help the country rebuild.

Veterans fought for our country. During the Revolutionary War, George Washington asked for men to fight to free themselves from under the control of England. They were our original veterans. During World War II, our president at the time Franklin D Roosevelt used the military to protect us when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.

Another reason I appreciate Veterans is that they volunteer to join the military.To volunteer is to freely offer to do something. Throughout most of our history veterans were volunteers. We as a country have only had five drafts.This means our military for the most part been formed through volunteers.

A third reason I appreciate the United States’s veterans is that the troops also serve at home as well as overseas. When a natural disaster happens the military goes to help rebuild civilization there. In West Springfield Massachusetts the dyke that was built by the Army corp of engineering is to help prevent flooding in areas lower than the dyke.

The last reason I appreciate America’s Veterans is they help internationally. In the recent outbreak of the disease Ebola the military is building hospitals so that doctors and nurses can help treat patients that have Ebola.After a natural disaster the United States Air force sends jet planes with supplies such as food water and other resources the country needs to rebuild. When Syria was being conquered by the terrorist group known as Isis our president Barack Obama sent in jet fighters to bomb Isis forces. Our veterans helped join in the fight against Isis so that the people of Syria could keep their territory as well as their livelihoods.

In the end I appreciate the United States of America’s Veterans because they protect us from dangers that are from foreign countries that threaten our country,natural disasters that destroy our homes, property and livelihoods.They do their service voluntarily. So when you see a veteran be sure to thank them for their service.
Why I Appreciate America’s Veterans  

Veterans are people who fought in any war and sacrificed their lives to protect and serve our country. Veterans are brave men and women to have the courage and have the grit to go into war and protect and fight for our country. Some veterans chose to go into battle and sacrifice their lives and some were drafted into war.
America’s veterans left their families for a different periods of time. Some veterans leave their families for weeks, months, maybe even years. Veterans made courageous sacrifices to go into battle. I appreciate america’s veterans because many men and women go into battle to fight for their freedom and our country’s freedom. Many men and women lost their lives in battle to fight for their country and any veteran family should be joyful for their sacrifices. Veterans sacrificed their lives to serve for our country and lost didn't get spend holidays with their family because they were in battle and protecting our country. We should all appreciate America’s veterans for their unbelievable sacrifices to serve for their country.

As John F. Kennedy once said, “ Let every nation know, whether it wishes well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose to any foe, to assure the survival and success of liberty.” I believe Kennedy is referring to how veterans were ready for battle and anything that entered in their path or came across to their branch, they were prepared for it. Retired veterans were men and women that used to be in the military and served for our country and to protect our nation. John F. Kennedy said that quote to help our men and women in the military and veterans that this country is very strong and the veterans should be appreciated for their service in the military and to protect our nation.
I appreciate America’s veterans because they served for our nations freedom and protection to our citizens and their country. Veterans sacrificed their lives and their time with their families just to protect our country and they show great bravery and courage because they served in our military and they should be known for their sacrifices and how they may have lost their lives in battle. That is why we all should appreciate America’s veterans.

Sunday, October 26, 2014

National Day on Writing



October 20th, this past Monday, was the National Day on Writing.

This is an annual celebration of writing that occurs every year and allows students, educators and everyone to celebrate why we write and how we write.

This year's theme was on community.

Students were asked to explore questions that asked them to think about what communities they belong to and how they interact with them. They were allowed to choose any question to write on:


  1. What is a challenge your community is facing and what could you do to help?
  2. What is an ideal dream for your community?
  3. Give an example of a person who plays an important role in your local community. How do they do that?
  4. How do you connect with your community? Online? Face to face? What are the benefits and drawbacks of connecting this way?
  5. Will or does writing play an important role in our current or future communities? How?

Since this celebration is usually celebrated via Twitter, students were asked to keep their writing short. Each student put their writing on a leaf that was given to them and then they were hung up on the community tree. 

As students at WSMS, we all belong to one community together. This represents the trunk of the community tree. As separate people, we all have different interests and belong to different communities outside of school and therefore break into different branches. 

Check out the awesome work our students put together: 










Saturday, October 18, 2014

Presenting Fall 2014 Memoirs



Hello fellow readers and students!

Sorry this took so long to get up, we had a few (to say the least) technological issues that are finally getting worked out and I for one am just thankful that students had the opportunity to create something so well done.

I am proud to present this fall's 6th grade 6 word memoirs!!!


Thursday, October 2, 2014

Veterans Visit and projects

The Patriot's Pen Essay Contest is a contest that asks students to research more about their local Veterans. This years theme is asking students to take a deeper look at why they appreciate America's Veterans. In order to write this essay, students were able to meet some real Veterans from our town and to ask them questions in a panel.

Students from all 7th grade ELA 2 classes arrived today to learn and listen from those who have served our country.

The panel consisted of two of our fellow teachers and four veterans from our local VFW. From Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraqi to Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Airforce, we certainly had diversity on our panel and students were excited to ask their questions.

Our students were polite, respectful and so interested in what our Veterans had to share through their experiences and stories that I could not have been more proud. I am so excited for them to start writing their essays, and I know for sure that these students will take this experience with them for the rest of their lives.

I am also so thankful that these Veterans volunteered their time to educate our students. They were funny, easy to approach and went above and beyond for our students today. I also have to thank our two teachers who gave up their time to reach out to our specific students and share with them about their past as well.

Here are some photos of the event:







It was a wild success - - Thank you students and staff who contributed!!!

Meanwhile in 8th grade: 

8th Graders have been dedicating their time and writing to a My Name assignment. They are to research their name and Chinese Zodiac while also emulating Sandra Cisneros' "My Name". If you'd like to check out the original vignette by Cisneros, click here. Here is one stellar piece written by a fantastic student:

My Name
In English my name means lighthearted, it means friendly. Its like the number seven. A deep wine color in the midst of the sunset. The dog running towards me as we name him Caesar.
It is my Grandmother’s name. The one I look up too. The one I wish to have known. Born in the year of the rooster. A talented, courageous, resourceful woman. I, born in the year of the dragon, am very intelligent, enthusiastic, and confident. My Grandmother born in the year of the rooster is very open, honest, and outspoken. Even though our Chinese horoscopes aren't the same sharing the name makes up for it.
I would have liked to have known her. Would have liked to see her smile. Its like the sun rising in the crisp morning air. The cancer bringing her down, she fought like army men defending our country. She was a ticking time bomb with only months to live. She brought happiness to all people and smiles to everyone in her path.
My Grandfather got diagnosed with heart disease. He fought until he had nothing left. My Grandmother was devastated. She was a single mother raising three girls. She was a busy bee. Running everywhere with three girls.My Grandmother got diagnosed with Cancer. She fought it as much as she could. About thirteen years after my Grandfather passed away, my Grandmother got diagnosed with Breast Cancer. The girls, Karen, Lydia, and Laura didn't know what to do. They were right beside her on her long journey of Cancer. In May, 1994, she passed away, months after my Mother’s wedding.  Keeping my head high about her is so hard. Not knowing as much about your grandmother as you would want is frustrating, But I know she is always looking after me from up above.
At school they say my name like the breeze of the autumn day. Beautiful and moving. They say it like, Ka-thryn the way it is spelt. It makes me feel special and honored to have that name. Kathryn, the name of the crisp wind. My brother, Christopher has the name like a lion. Chrissssstopherrrrr. It sounds so fun and delighting to say.  
I would not like to baptize myself under a new name. My name is specific to me. It means That i am a happy, daredevil. My name explains me in just two words. I have grown to like my name. As being a little kid i wished my name was mispronounced so I could hear myself say it. My name has the prettiest ring to it. The sound just flows out of your mouth. The long story behind my name is saddening but I still have hope. Yes, Kathryn is the only name I would imagine for a person like me.

Along with the writing piece, students created Name Art. Here are a few examples:



The writing together with the art creates a wonderful contrast of creativity.

6th GRADE has written their six word memoirs and we are finally now on our way to making the video. Until the video is ready, here are some memoirs to hold you over until then:








Secret Word for students 10-02-14: IDENTITY

Thursday, September 18, 2014




Welcome back students and parents! We are so excited to bring on a new year! 

Open House night is SEPTEMBER 18th, 2014 at 6:30!

All are welcome! 

Please follow this blog to stay up to date on student work and classroom ideas!!!!



Tuesday, May 6, 2014

Griffin's Friends Marathon + Classroom Update

Hello fellow readers! It has been quite busy here at the middle school. Between February and April vacations and testing, we have certainly kept busy.

One project that we have been working on is a fundraising project for Griffin's Friends. Griffin's Friends is a charity out of Western Massachusetts that gives families that have children with cancer an opportunity to have fun for a day or few days. They give them hope and family time to forget their troubles for some time. Students investigated the true meaning of charity and were able to collect 5,000 dollars for the cause. Students then spent their class time on April 16th running around the track for our very first marathon event. Every lap was run for the charity. Students were enthusiastic, empowered and charitable through even their own personal donations. I was so proud and so impressed by each one of them. Here's our story:

On April 7, 2014, Amy Leahy, Amy Canata and I gathered students together in the auditorium to kick off The WSMS Marathon Challenge.   Our audience was our ELA2 classes and Amy Leahy 6th grade science classes.  In total we had about 350 students. Our two main goals were to get our Middle School students interested in becoming charitable citizens and raise money for Griffins Friends.  


We explained to them what a marathon was and that Amy Leahy would be running her first one for Griffins Friends.  We explained to them what Griffins Friends* was and who benefited from the money that we would raise.  Amy Leahy created a presentation that explained the history of Griffins Friends.  We also shared our stories with how we became involved in the organization.  

After we gave our Griffins presentation we introduced the WSMS marathon challenge.  We told them they were going to get donations from family and friends.  To get them fired up we added a competitive element .  We split into two teams: Team Leahy/Favolise and Team Canata.  Leahy/Favolise took Griffins Blue for their team color and Team Canata took the red color.

For a week Canata and I showed our ELA2 classes short inspirational films on being charitable.  We showed a college students who gave her IPAD to her autistic cousin.  The girl had seen how helpful an IPAD was for communication.  Her story spread and a charitable organization was born. See her story here: IPAD charity

Then there was a film about a boy who went to Africa to help bring clean water to help impoverished people and became very popular because of his soccer ball.  The boy learned that the kids were making balls from plastic bags and twine.  He saw the joy that a real soccer ball could bring to their lives and another charitable organization was born.  He went home to the U.S. and found donors who would supply 100’s of soccer balls to poor children in Africa. See his story here: Soccer Ball Charity

Then there was Evelyn a 97 year old woman who is charitable to her neighbor. Watch her inspirational story here: Evelyn's Story

Then we showed a slideshow on Jack’s journey.  Griffin's Friends helped Jack and his family when he had gotten sick when he was younger. We took the students through Jack’s treatments and showed him as a survivor.  There is a great shot of Jack at last year’s Boston Marathon 24th mile (where all of Griffins family and friends go to cheer) waiting for his mother, Joanna, who he meet with hugs and kisses.  While she was there at the 24th mile, they got word of the bombings at the finish line.  She wasn't able to finish the last part of the race. That race would have been a celebratory moment of putting Jack’s Journey to a close. (She just had that moment on Sunday, May 4th as she and Jack finished her first full marathon in Holyoke, MA).

The students looked forward to these short films.  At the end of class, as the kids left for their next class I would remind them to go home and “be charitable”.  

The students began to show us how awesome they were starting the day after the kickoff!  One student asked a few neighbors and his results were incredible.  He raised 71 dollars in one day!  

I came up with the idea to carry a poster on her cart that had each class total.  Of course in the spirit of competition I made one.  That started some serious banter in the hallway!!!  We would play up the fact “our class is beating your class” and have some classic competition but we would always bring it back to what was really important-the kids of Griffins Friends.  

Day after day the kids amazed us!  The money was pouring in.  

I made a template for a bib number that was fashioned from an average road race.  We included the Griffins logo and Middle School Marathon Challenge.  Each kid picked a number and stenciled it onto the blank bib.  

Leahy made a card that students would carry the day of the race.  Students filled in the card with name, bib number and class period.  They also told us if they were on Canata or Leahy.  The day of the race they carried the card and got it stamped every time they went around.  

Canata, Leahy and I hit the bargain stores hard.  We collected red and blue pom poms, megaphone, glasses, shoelaces, shirts etc. One day Leahy came into my class with glasses that lit up, a shirt that read TEAM LEAHY and a good ol’ banter.  This made the kids go wild. Canata met the kids in front of the building wearing red sparkle star glasses and held a Griffins Friends sign in the air.  We all got a good laugh from it.  
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Teachers in the back: Mrs. Canata, Ms. Favolise (Me!) and Mrs. Leahy

The money still was pouring in.  Here are some great stories of students:

1.  A boy who was given 20 dollars for his April trip to Mexico decided to donate it to the cause.

2.  A eighth grade boy broke open his penny bank, counted and bagged 50 dollars.  He asked his parents if he could donate to the cause and they were so proud of his generosity.  

3.  Another eighth grade boy went to houses on his street.  The houses he went to were the same houses that during this winter he went to, on his own and voluntarily shoveled their  driveway.  He didn't do it for money he did it because he was being neighborly.  He raised $153, the most money out of all our students.  

4.  An eighth grade girl was at a family wake.  She told her family members what was happening at school and raised over 100 dollars.


5.  A seventh grade boy who has a very difficult time being still.  He sometimes finds himself in trouble because of it.  He also showed a lot of grit and got turned down many times but kept asking people.  He was our second biggest fundraiser.  

6.  Two sixth grade girls who have grandparents in a 50+ community went around and talked to their grandparent’s neighbors.


7.  A sixth grade student made a fund jar to put up at her dad’s work.


8. A mom of a 6th and 8th grader works in family-run business.  She asked her co-workers and her patrons to donate.  

9.  A few times one of my students gave me his “cookie money”.  

10. A student with mobility issues ran and walked 1 mile around the track. She told me how she promised her mother that she wouldn't give up during the marathon. She also commented on how she doesn't understand how others who are healthy and able wouldn't want to help such an amazing charity.

11. An eighth grade student asked his dad to pass his pledge sheet around the office to get as many donations as possible.


The day of the marathon: April 16, 2014

That morning I woke up and looked out the window and got a big fat ugly surprise- more snow!  Many days prior were sunny and seasonable.  That wasn't the case for our day.  We were grateful that is wasn't raining which would have prevented us from doing it.  We would've had to postpone it until after vacation.

Jack from “Team Jack” and his mother, Joanna joined us for the entire day.  It was funny to see some of the students look at Jack as a star.  They had heard so much about him that they felt like they knew already knew him.  

Period 1 was our test run.  I arrived to kids who were excited.  We QUICKLY face painted, decorated ourselves with red bandannas, pinned our bib numbers and got outside to endure some REALLY cold wind.  Again, the kids surprised us.  They were awesome.  They all lined up at the start line and we took pictures, said some motivational words and blew the whistle.  As cold as it was the students were gritty and determined to get around that track as many times as they possibly could.  

Every time a runner would make it around the track we had a student-volunteer stamp his/her card.  Some students made it around the track 10-12 times!  

I am so proud of all the students who participated in this event.  It was much more successful than any of us could have imagined.  Thank you to all who helped us!!!

* Griffin’s Friends is a group of volunteers dedicated to providing support to children with cancer.  Founded in 1994 in Springfield, Massachusetts, Griffin’s Friends is named for Griffin D. Kelleher, who passed away at 14 months of age after a courageous battle with cancer.  His legacy is this special group which supports, in a unique way, children in treatment for cancer and their families.


It was an amazing day - - Here's an idea of what's going on back in the classroom:

8th Grade students were very busy working on their time capsules. Some of the artifacts that students were to supply in their time capsules were: 

  • A homemade graduation card for high school graduation
  • A letter to themselves in the 6th grade
  • Favorite photos of friends
  • A hand tracing with quote and explanation
  • A measurement of height with yarn
  • A recent newspaper clipping
  • A cd with favorite song list
  • Quickwrites/Journal
Students also included writing assignments that they have written throughout the year in my class. Here are some pictures of their awesome time capsules:




Here are some amazing graduation cards to their future selves: 










 Some Hand prints: 





7th Grade Students have been busy working on their self portraits. These portraits required a lot of outside research on symbolism and meaning. Students were able to write about their lives and what is most important to them currently. Their narratives were both powerful and informative. Here are some photos of their portraits that accompanied their narratives: